Scalings of all rate modifications as a function of redshift: the BHMF scaling (N_BH(z)), the nuclear stellar density scaling ﹩{ \mathcal D }(z)﹩, the galaxy merger scaling ﹩{ \mathcal M }(z)﹩, the IMF scaling ﹩{ \mathcal I }(z)﹩, and the dust-obscuration scaling ﹩{ \mathcal O }(z)﹩. On the left y-axis, a value of 1 is equivalent to the local value. The shaded region represents the uncertainty propagated into the final rate estimate. A value of 1 for any scaling corresponds to the local TDE rate.