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GRANDWin: Gain-based Radio-frequency Interference Analysis Using Normalized Deviation with Winsorization for MWA Ultralow-frequency Calibration Data

  • Authors: Wildan Hidayat, Shintaro Yoshiura, Keitaro Takahashi, Cathryn M. Trott, D. Null, C. D. Nunhokee

Wildan Hidayat et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal 1006 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

The outlier occupancy for each frequency channel, combining results from AOFlagger and GRANDWin on a specific observation date (2014 September 23). Occupancy is the proportion of flagged samples from the total analyzed data, ranging from 0 (no flags) to 1 (fully flagged). Since GRANDWin is applied after AOFlagger, the plot reflects three components: clean data, AOFlagger flags, and additional outliers detected by GRANDWin. This highlights how GRANDWin captures extra contamination not detected by AOFlagger.

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