SAM2 model architecture illustration. To isolate a specific bubble, the semantic segmentation output from Astro-UNETR is fed into SAM2 (N. Ravi et al. 2024), a video object segmentation model that identifies the bubble corresponding to the superbubble designated by the supernova (SN) log, which yields an isolated 3D instance segmentation of the target bubble. Subsequent data cubes of the same bubble are segmented over time using the stored model features.