Image Details
Caption: Figure 5.
3D rotation of U∞ (red) to ﹩{{\boldsymbol{U}}}_{\infty }^{{\prime} }﹩ (blue) after a planetary encounter. The strength of the rotation is given by the angle γ between the two vectors, whereas the direction of the rotation is oriented by the counterclockwise angle ψ.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.