Image Details
Caption: Figure 13.
EIRP versus transmitter rate ﹩{(N{\rm{\Delta }}\nu /{\nu }_{c})}^{-1}﹩ for this work and some previous SETI projects. The solid yellow line indicates the EIRP of the Arecibo Observatory planetary radar, the dashed line indicates the typical energy usage of a Kardashev Type I civilization, and the dotted line is the typical energy usage of a Kardashev Type II civilization. The values of the plotted points for past surveys are the same as the references in Figure 11. The gray thick line is a fit between the most constraining data points for the transmitter rate (R. H. Gray & K. Mooley 2017) and ﹩{{\rm{EIRP}}}_{{\rm{\min }}}﹩ (Z.-Z. Tao et al. 2022).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.