Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
Schematic diagram of UML clustering process, including extracting key features from image data using ConvNeXt in step (a), reducing dimensionality and remove redundant image information via UMAP in step (b), providing a detailed example of the feature extraction and dimensionality reduction process in step (c), and adopting a voting based on Bagging clustering model mechanism in step (d).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.