The top panel shows the G-band VLF for main-sequence stars within 100 pc (Gaia Collaboration et al. 2021). A cubic spline interpolation is shown in red. The bottom panel shows the corresponding VMF, based on the two choices for the mass–magnitude relations in Figure 2. For reference, a simple exponential approximation is plotted in gray. In both panels, the units of volume and mass are pc³ and M_⊙, respectively.