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The McDonald Accelerating Stars Survey: Architecture of the Ancient Five-planet Host System Kepler-444

  • Authors: Zhoujian Zhang, 张周健, Brendan P. Bowler, Trent J. Dupuy, Timothy D. Brandt, G. Mirek Brandt, William D. Cochran, Michael Endl, Phillip J. MacQueen, Kaitlin M. Kratter, Howard T. Isaacson, Kyle Franson, Adam L. Kraus, Caroline V. Morley, Yifan Zhou

Zhoujian Zhang et al 2023 The Astronomical Journal 165 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Model predictions overlaid on the observed relative astrometry from Keck/NIRC2 (top), absolute astrometry from Hipparcos (J1991.25) and Gaia EDR3 (J2016; middle), Kepler-444 A’s multiepoch RVs from HET/HRS and Keck/HIRES (bottom left), and the single-epoch BC–A relative RV from Keck/HIRES (bottom right). In each panel, we show the observed data (upper) and residuals (lower) using orange circles, except (1) the middle panels, where we use gray circles to present the weighted-mean proper motion between Hipparcos and Gaia at J2003.625, the value that orvara uses to constrain the model-predicted proper motions of Kepler-444 A (Brandt et al. 2021); and (2) the bottom left panel, where we use different colors to label RVs collected by different instruments. Predictions of 1000 randomly drawn orbits from the MCMC trials are overlaid in each panel color-coded by eccentricities. Predictions from the best-fit orbit are shown as black solid lines.

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