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The McDonald Accelerating Stars Survey: Architecture of the Ancient Five-planet Host System Kepler-444

  • Authors: Zhoujian Zhang, 张周健, Brendan P. Bowler, Trent J. Dupuy, Timothy D. Brandt, G. Mirek Brandt, William D. Cochran, Michael Endl, Phillip J. MacQueen, Kaitlin M. Kratter, Howard T. Isaacson, Kyle Franson, Adam L. Kraus, Caroline V. Morley, Yifan Zhou

Zhoujian Zhang et al 2023 The Astronomical Journal 165 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Top left: a typical reduced and north-aligned J-band science frame of Kepler-444 observed on 2019 July 7 UT. Insets present the 20 pixel × 20 pixel vicinity of A (left) and BC (right) components with their centroids marked by plus signs, computed using a 3-pixel-radius circular region (white circle). A coronagraph mask is visible to the northeast of Kepler-444 A and does not impact our relative astrometry measurements. Top right: centroids of A and BC iteratively computed using a range of circular radii (Section 3.1). At each radius, we show the computed separation and position angle of individual science frames observed on 2019 July 7 UT (gray circle), as well as the resulting separation and position angle measurements with uncertainties computed from Equation (2) (black circle). Our final separation and position angle measurements for the J-band data are based on a circular radius of 3 pixels and are highlighted as blue stars. Bottom: analysis of K S -band data observed on 2022 July 12 UT with the same format as the top panel. The white circles in the insets and our final relative astrometry all correspond to a radius of 5 pixels.

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