Radiative losses (same as Figure 5), compared with the integral of the TRAPPIST-1 synthetic spectrum in the EUV–FUV range (10–121.7 nm) with the method of K. Namekata et al. (2023) and J. L. Linsky et al. (2014). Plain and dashed blue lines correspond to λ _⋆ = 0.001R _⊙ and λ _⋆ = 0.01R _⊙, respectively. The red box identifies the parameter range compatible with Wood’s law’s mass-loss rate.