Flame surface ( X( ¹²C) = 0.45 isocontours) during early evolution of Model AV at t = 0.00, t = 0.0059, and t = 0.0119 s of evolution, from left to right. Each frame has the same spatial scale. The flame quickly burns through the initial perturbations on the top side of the bubble. The direction toward the center of the star is downward in these frames.