Orbital evolution of a three-planet system leading to the formation of hot Jupiter on a retrograde orbit. Top: semimajor axis and pericentric/apocentric distance. Middle: orbital inclinations. Bottom: pericenter arguments. Planetary masses were chosen equal to m ₁ = 1  M _Jup, m ₂ = 2  M _Jup, and m ₃ = 4  M _Jup.