Temperature programmed CO₂ desorption from irradiated CaCO₃, monitored via RGA. Traces represent the CO₂ partial pressure, obtained as the sum of signals at m/z 43–45. The shaded blue region denotes the irradiation period; the beige region corresponds to postirradiation warming at 0.2 K minute⁻¹. Irradiation induces an immediate rise in CO₂ partial pressure, indicating radiolysis. Upon warming, the 50 K samples show a CO₂ release near 80 K, consistent with sublimation of crystalline CO₂, absent in the high-temperature experiments. The 50 K, high-flux sample shows two desorption features above 120 K, indicating at least two trapping states. At high temperatures or under low flux, CO₂ release initiates near 130 K.