Image Details
Caption: Figure 2.
Spacetime diagrams visualizing the effects of different physical processes on the time evolution of the VSI and its effect on the dust particles. The top row shows the midplane maximum particle size. The bottom row shows the evolution of the midplane dust-to-gas ratio. The central row shows simulation snapshots toward the end of the simulation (dashed horizontal lines in row one and three), showing the respective quantities throughout the simulation domain.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.