Image Details
Caption: Figure 10.
Radio light curves at ν = 4.86 GHz for a fallback-powered jet viewed from observer angles θobs = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and π/2. The jet follows the fallback luminosity history shown in Figure 1, has an initial half-opening angle θjet = 0.1, and an isotropic-equivalent energy Eiso = 4 × 1053 erg. As the viewing angle increases, the observed flux decreases and the radio peak shifts to later times as relativistic beaming becomes progressively weaker. The suppression of the radio emission for off-axis observers is substantially stronger than predicted by impulsive models because the limited lateral expansion demonstrated in Figure 8 prevents a substantial fraction of the jet energy from being redistributed toward larger angles.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.