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A Stellar Bar Hidden in an Extreme Gas-rich Disk Galaxy at z = 4.055

  • Authors: Leindert A. Boogaard, Luca Costantin, Thor Tepper-García, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Jacqueline A. Hodge, Cheng-Lin Liao, Mahmoud Hamed, Luis Colina, Fabian Walter, Oscar Agertz, Arjan Bik, Alejandro Crespo Gómez, Emanuele Daddi, Georgios E. Magdis, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Hannah Übler, Axel Weiss

Leindert A. Boogaard et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1006 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

Predicted timescales of stellar bar formation. Theoretical simulations of bar formation in the context of large gas fractions from J. Bland-Hawthorn et al. (2024, 2025), T. Tepper-García et al. (2024) produce galaxies with a striking resemblance to GN20, featuring bars and asymmetric spiral arm structure, driven by baryon sloshing (J. Bland-Hawthorn et al. 2025, snapshot at fgas = 40% shown). For baryon-dominated disks, the simulations predict that increased gas fractions drive earlier onset of bars, with bar formation in massive disks occurring within a few hundred Myr (fbaryon = 0.7, Mhalo = 1011 M; see Appendix C for more details).

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