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A Stellar Bar Hidden in an Extreme Gas-rich Disk Galaxy at z = 4.055

  • Authors: Leindert A. Boogaard, Luca Costantin, Thor Tepper-García, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Jacqueline A. Hodge, Cheng-Lin Liao, Mahmoud Hamed, Luis Colina, Fabian Walter, Oscar Agertz, Arjan Bik, Alejandro Crespo Gómez, Emanuele Daddi, Georgios E. Magdis, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Hannah Übler, Axel Weiss

Leindert A. Boogaard et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1006 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 2.

Stellar bar identification. The ellipticity and PA of the stellar light isophotes at rest-frame 1.1 μm show a clear signature of a stellar bar of approximately 2.8 ± 0.1 kpc in semimajor axis length, or 5.6 ± 0.2 kpc full (deprojected) length, that is independently confirmed by Fourier analysis; see Section 3.1. The ellipticity (ϵ) and PA of the bar match all four criteria used in the literature (S. Jogee et al. 2004; I. Marinova & S. Jogee 2007; L. Costantin et al. 2023; Y. Guo et al. 2023): 1. bar ϵ ≈ 0.4 > 0.3 (dotted line), 2. ΔPA ≈ 5° < 15°–20° along the bar, 3. ∣ϵ∣ ≈ 0.2 > 0.1 break at the bar end, 4. ∣PA∣ ≈ 10° ≥ 10° between the bar and disk (see Section 3.1 for more details).

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