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EP260321a/SN 2026gzf: The Faintest Shock Breakout Associated with a Broad-lined Supernova

  • Authors: Brendan O'Connor, Xander J. Hall, Malte Busmann, Daniel Gruen, Alberto Floris, Tomás Cabrera, Ziyuan Zhu, Antonella Palmese, Dylan Green, John Banovetz, Julius Gassert, Christopher L. Fryer, Roberto Ricci, Eleonora Troja, Surya Shivaprasad, Gregory R. Zeimann, Ariel J. Amsellem, Stephen Bailey, Segev BenZvi, Simone Dichiara, Hendrik van Eerten, Jeremy Hare, Lei Hu, Christopher M. Irwin, Keerthi Kunnumkai, Konstantin Malanchev, Mitra Maleki, Michael J. Moss, Adam D. Myers, Dheeraj Pasham, Christoph Ries, Geoffrey Ryan, David Schlegel, Michael Schmidt, Silona Wilke, Yu-Han Yang

Brendan O’Connor et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1006 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 12.

Allowed parameter space (shaded regions) of initial Lorentz factor Γ0 at the jet’s core and the jet’s core kinetic energy Ekin for afterglow nondetection, assuming a Gaussian-structured jet at 158 Mpc (z = 0.0344) based on the available X-ray and radio upper limits. In a wind environment, the allowed parameter space is weakly dependent on the viewing angle θv/θc. We have fixed θc = 0.15 rad, A* = 1, εe = 0.1, εB = 0.01, and p = 2.2. As an example of the impact of decreasing density, we show the allowed parameter space for A* = 0.1 as solid lines (see also Figure 18 in Appendix B).

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