Inferred marginalized merger-rate density ﹩{ \mathcal R }({\chi }_{{\rm{eff}}};z)﹩ at redshifts z = 0.2 (blue) and z = 0.8 (orange) for the three-dimensional PIXELPOP (left) and HYBRID (right) models, using the catalog of point-estimate events. Otherwise, similar to Figure 6. In this case, any deviation from the truth in the peak of the effective spin distribution at χ_eff ≈ 0 is minimal. However, there is significant bias at z = 0.8 in the 0 < χ_eff ≤ 0.5 region.