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Ionizing Photon Production Efficiencies and Chemical Abundances at Cosmic Dawn Revealed by Ultradeep Rest-frame Optical Spectroscopy of JADES-GS-z14-0

  • Authors: Jakob M. Helton, Jane E. Morrison, Kevin N. Hainline, Francesco D'Eugenio, George H. Rieke, Stacey Alberts, Stefano Carniani, Joel Leja, Yijia Li, 轶佳 李, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Jan Scholtz, Meredith Stone, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Zihao Wu, William M. Baker, Andrew J. Bunker, Stephane Charlot, Jacopo Chevallard, Nikko J. Cleri, Mirko Curti, Emma Curtis-Lake, Eiichi Egami, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Peter Jakobsen, Zhiyuan Ji, Benjamin D. Johnson, Nimisha Kumari, Xiaojing Lin, Jianwei Lyu, Roberto Maiolino, Michael Maseda, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Marcia J. Rieke, Brant Robertson, Aayush Saxena, Fengwu Sun, Sandro Tacchella, Hannah Übler, Giacomo Venturi, Christina C. Williams, Chris Willott, Joris Witstok, Yongda Zhu

Jakob M. Helton et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1004 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 4.

Hα line luminosity versus absolute UV magnitude. Left panel: these measurements are shown for a few different samples of high-redshift star-forming galaxies at z  >  3. These include N ≈ 1500 galaxies at z  > 3 from the JADES DR4, represented by the gray circles, and N ≈ 850 of those same galaxies with Hβ well-detected at >4σ, represented by the green squares (E. Curtis-Lake et al. 2025; J. Scholtz et al. 2025b). For galaxies at z ≳ 6 in the JADES DR4, Hα has shifted beyond JWST/NIRSpec’s wavelength coverage, so we use the Hβ line luminosities instead and assume zero dust attenuation, consistent with Case B recombination. Three galaxies at z > 10 from the literature with previous MIRI/Spectroscopy are illustrated by the purple diamonds. These include, in order of decreasing brightness, GN-z11 at z = 10.60 (A. J. Bunker et al. 2023; J. Álvarez-Márquez et al. 2025), GHZ2/GLASSz12 at z = 12.34 (M. Castellano et al. 2024; J. A. Zavala et al. 2025), and MACS0647-JD1 at z = 10.17 (T. Y.-Y. Hsiao et al. 2024a, 2024b). Our measurements for JADES-GS-z14-0 at z = 14.18 are depicted by the blue star and represent the most distant detection of Hα. As a point of comparison, we provide brown lines to show the relation between LHα and MUV as parametrized by the ionizing photon production efficiency. Right panel: histograms showing the distributions of Hα line luminosities, which are used as a proxy for the recent star formation rate. Solid lines represent measurements for galaxies at z > 10 while gray dashed and dotted lines represent medians and 68% confidence intervals for the samples of galaxies at z  > 3 from JADES DR4. JADES-GS-z14-0 is among the most actively star-forming galaxies at z > 3 with spectroscopic confirmation.

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