Amplitude–energy and amplitude–duration relations for JWST flares. (a) Relationship between normalized Hα flare amplitude and inferred E_TESS and (b) between amplitude and flare duration (FWHM) for the NIRISS and NIRSpec/PRISM flare samples. Dashed lines show linear fits in log–log space. The energy–amplitude mapping is steep and relatively tight, whereas the duration–amplitude trend is weaker and more scattered; we therefore scale injected flares in amplitude only for the injection–recovery test.