Image Details
Caption: Figure 1.
Upstream Au (left panel) and downstream Ad (right panel) proton temperature anisotropy, defined as A = T⊥/T∥, as a function of shock obliquity θ (∘). Fast-forward (FF) shocks are shown in red and fast-reverse (FR) shocks in blue. Each dot represents the binned mean anisotropy within a 5∘ shock-obliquity bin, and the error bars denote the standard error of the mean. The lower two panels show the number distribution of FF shocks (red) and FR shocks (blue) in each θ bin corresponding to the upper panels.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.