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Proton Temperature Anisotropy across Interplanetary Shocks: A Statistical Analysis with WIND Observations

  • Authors: Zeping Jin, Lingling Zhao, Xingyu Zhu, Vladimir Florinski, Gary P. Zank, Jakobus Le Roux, Yiming Jiao, Ashok Silwal, Nibuna S. M. Subashchandar

Zeping Jin et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Upstream Au (left panel) and downstream Ad (right panel) proton temperature anisotropy, defined as A = T/T, as a function of shock obliquity θ (). Fast-forward (FF) shocks are shown in red and fast-reverse (FR) shocks in blue. Each dot represents the binned mean anisotropy within a 5 shock-obliquity bin, and the error bars denote the standard error of the mean. The lower two panels show the number distribution of FF shocks (red) and FR shocks (blue) in each θ bin corresponding to the upper panels.

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