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Proton Temperature Anisotropy across Interplanetary Shocks: A Statistical Analysis with WIND Observations

  • Authors: Zeping Jin, Lingling Zhao, Xingyu Zhu, Vladimir Florinski, Gary P. Zank, Jakobus Le Roux, Yiming Jiao, Ashok Silwal, Nibuna S. M. Subashchandar

Zeping Jin et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

Probability distributions of proton temperature anisotropy A at different time intervals relative to the shock front. The left and right panels show upstream and downstream distributions, respectively. Distributions are computed for increasing time windows from the shock: blue (0–1 minute), orange (1–10 minutes), and green dashed (10–60 minutes). Shorter intervals reveal stronger anisotropy near the shock, while longer intervals approach more isotropic solar wind conditions.

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