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An Aligned Very-low-mass Star Orbiting an M Dwarf and Obliquity Patterns across Giant Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Binary Stars

  • Authors: Tianjun Gan, Alexandrine L'Heureux, Étienne Artigau, Charles Cadieux, René Doyon, Neil J. Cook, Shude Mao

Tianjun Gan et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 2.

Projected stellar obliquity (λ) of giant planet (0.3 ≤ Mc < 13.6 MJ, gray), brown dwarf (13.6 ≤ Mc < 80 MJ, blue) and binary star (Mc ≥ 80 MJ, red) systems as a function of primary star effective temperature. M dwarfs and hot stars with effective temperatures above the Kraft break (Teff ∼ 6250 K) are shown as red and blue shaded regions, respectively. TOI-5375 is marked with a red arrow. The obliquities of giant planets and brown dwarfs are retrieved from the TEPCat catalog (J. Southworth 2011), while the results of binary stars come from M. L. Marcussen & S. H. Albrecht (2022) and some recent works (T. Wells et al. 2025; B. Spejcher et al. 2026, 2025).

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