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Brown Dwarf Formation through Gravitational Collapse: Insights from 3D Numerical Simulations

  • Authors: Adnan Ali Ahmad, Benoît Commerçon, Gilles Chabrier, Antonin Borderies

Adnan Ali Ahmad et al 2025 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 991 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 7.

Circumstellar disk formed in run R2, visualized at our final simulation snapshot. Left: density slice across the center of the BD, visualized in a top-down view. The lime-colored contour displays the BD surface, defined as all gas having dissociated over 95% of its H2. Right: 2D histogram displaying the distribution of azimuthal velocity normalized by ﹩\sqrt{{g}_{{\rm{r}}}r}﹩ as a function of radius, binned across all cells in the computational domain. The colormap indicates the colatitude θ scaled by π, with θ/π = 0.5 representing the equator, while θ/π = 1 and 0 correspond to the south and north poles, respectively. A dashed line marks the threshold ﹩{v}_{\phi }/\sqrt{{g}_{{\rm{r}}}r}=1﹩.

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