Relative growth rates of (a) MAE and (b) RMSE as functions of the number of rolling prediction steps on the test set. The variables are divided into three groups: velocity components (v_r, v_ϕ, v_θ), magnetic field components (B_r, B_ϕ, B_θ), and plasma quantities—dynamic pressure P, number density N, and temperature T. Solid, dashed, and dash-dotted curves identify the first, second, and third quantities in each group, respectively. The corresponding markers are squares, circles, and upward triangles for velocity; downward triangles, diamonds, and stars for the magnetic field; and pentagons, crosses, and hexagons for plasma quantities. The growth rate is defined as ﹩\frac{{E}_{t}-{E}_{1}}{{E}_{1}}\times 100 \% ﹩, where E_t represents the MAE or RMSE of the tth rolling step and E₁ represents the corresponding error of the first step. Each step corresponds to a forecast advance of Δt = 24 hr, with a maximum lead time of 9 days.