Image Details
Caption: Figure 1.
The structure of the NSPF model. The model comprises three concentric layers: (1) a potential field layer; (2) a current sheet layer; (3) an interplanetary layer. The interface between the potential field and current sheet layers is the NSSS, while the interface between the current sheet and interplanetary layers is the exit sphere (located at 10 R⊙). Magnetic field lines and layer boundaries are labeled.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.