Transformation of measured shape under rotation for our D₄CNN. The same galaxy profile with fixed ellipticity (e = 0.4) but different orientations (−90° to +90° between the x-axis and the major axis) is fed into the model. The predicted e₁ and e₂ components (blue and orange points) are compared against theoretical sine/cosine functions (dashed and dashed–dotted curves) scaled to match the measured amplitude. The vertical dotted lines mark key reference angles at −45°, 0°, and +45°.