Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
The mass of a BH at which the ADIOS state is realized due to accretion growth prior to kicks, as a function of distance from the SMBH in the TQM model, assuming an initial BH mass of m = 5 M⊙. For the regions where m = 5 M⊙, the ADIOS state is realized (rcirc > rtrap) without any growth. For m > 5 M⊙, the initial state is ZEBRA. As the BH rapidly grows, the AGN surface density decreases due to gap formation, reducing rtrap. Eventually, the ADIOS state is realized (rcirc = rtrap) after growth to the value shown. The vertical green and red lines mark the locations where HAGN/RBH reaches a minimum and where the Toomre parameter becomes Q≥1, respectively.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.