Stability simulation results for a HZ planet–moon orbiting an M2 dwarf. Logarithm of maximum moon lifetime (﹩{\mathrm{log}}_{10}\left[{t}_{{\rm{\max }}}\right]﹩) from simulations considering a range of host planet masses (0.8–2 M_⊕) and semimajor axis within the HZ of an M2 dwarf. (a) shows results from N-body simulations using rebound with a tidal time-lag τ_p of 698 s, while (b–d) show outcomes from secular tidal theory (R. Barnes 2017) with tidal dissipation timescales τ_p of (b) 698 s, (c) 100 s, and (d) 10 s. Contour lines indicate ﹩{\mathrm{log}}_{10}({t}_{{\rm{\max }}})﹩ values, reflecting the time of moon loss due to tidal migration. Red, yellow, green, and blue regions represent increasingly longer lifetimes while purple regions represent the longest lifetimes.