Image Details
Caption: Figure 11.
The cosmic shoreline formulation from E. K. Pass et al. (2025) for small planets orbiting mid-to-late M dwarfs within 50 pc, showing our eccentric model for GJ 12 b (black star) in cumulative XUV radiation versus escape velocity space compared to the solar system planets (various colors), TRAPPIST-1 planets (green), and other planets with Rp < 1.8 R⊕ (gray). The location of the tentative shoreline is placed based on what we know from the solar system, with Mars on the shoreline while Mercury is airless.
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.