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Constraining Atmospheric Composition from the Outflow: Helium Observations Reveal the Fundamental Properties of Two Planets Straddling the Radius Gap

  • Authors: Michael Zhang, Jacob L. Bean, David Wilson, Girish Duvvuri, Christian Schneider, Heather A. Knutson, Fei Dai, Karen A. Collins, Cristilyn N. Watkins, Richard P. Schwarz, Khalid Barkaoui, Avi Shporer, Keith Horne, Ramotholo Sefako, Felipe Murgas, Enric Palle

Michael Zhang et al 2025 The Astronomical Journal 169 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 7.

Absorption predicted by pyTPCI for planet c, assuming arbitrarily that the outflow has a hard outer cutoff of 5 Rp, and that all the metastable helium disappears at higher radius. This is likely a severe overestimation of the effects of confinement by magnetic fields or stellar winds, because a confined outflow does not disappear and should still absorb in the helium triplet.

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