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The VIRUS-dE Survey. I. Stars in Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies—3D Dynamics and Radially Resolved Stellar Initial Mass Functions

  • Authors: Mathias Lipka, Jens Thomas, Roberto Saglia, Ralf Bender, Maximilian Fabricius, Gary J. Hill, Matthias Kluge, Martin Landriau, Ximena Mazzalay, Eva Noyola, Taniya Parikh, Jan Snigula

Mathias Lipka et al 2024 The Astrophysical Journal 976 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 7.

Estimate of the stellar specific angular momentum j vs. absolute magnitude (B band) for various galaxy types. For those studies where the magnitude was not stated, we consulted Hyperleda (D. Makarov et al. 2014). For ETG samples, we estimated j from the stated velocity curves (see the text), and when velocity data were noisy, we clipped outliers. For the LTG samples, we used the j directly from the source tables. Blue diagonal: fit to all LTG points (﹩{\mathrm{log}}_{10}j=-0.2465\cdot {M}_{B}+\mathrm{const}.﹩). Gray diagonal: fit to “ordinary” ETGs with M B ∈ [18.5, 21] mag (﹩{\mathrm{log}}_{10}j=-0.2673\cdot {M}_{B}+\mathrm{const}.﹩). Massive ETG and LTGs (M * ≳ 1010 M ) are known to roughly follow the same relation (﹩j\propto {M}_{* }^{2/3}﹩), but LTGs are offset toward higher j (see S. M. Fall 1983; R. Bender & J. L. Nieto 1990; A. J. Romanowsky & S. M. Fall 2012). Large, colored points: our Virgo dE sample (inclination-corrected: filled, not-corrected: open). Small green crosses: the dE satellites of M31 (NGC 147, NGC 185, NGC 205) inferred from individual stars (M. Geha et al. 2006, 2010) with velocity curves out to ∼8r e. Studies of integrated light (smaller FOV) suggest significantly smaller velocities (R. Bender et al. 1991; F. Simien & P. Prugniel 2002). Gray squares: long-slit dE observations from E. Toloba et al. (2015). Gray dots: dEs from M. Geha et al. (2003), some of which have exceptionally low j (presumably because of a very small FOV or a slit not aligned with the kinematic major-axis). Gray and light-gray pentagons: ETG sequence (dwarfs and “ordinary” ETGs) of R. Bender & J. L. Nieto (1990). Faint, red stars: dSphs of the Milky Way from A. M. Martínez-García et al. (2021). For these, j is from intrinsic velocities as they derived their values from the Gaia proper motions and radial velocities of individual stars. Light-gray diamonds: the ETGs of E. Emsellem et al. (2011). Light-gray dots: power-law ETGs of K. Mehrgan et al. (2023). Light-red dots: giant cored ETGs of K. Mehrgan et al. (2023). Light-blue diamonds: dwarf irregulars of S. Kurapati et al. (2018; j is of stars only). Light-blue squares: dwarf and massive spirals of L. Posti et al. (2018).

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