(a) Positive correlation between the stellar wind velocity at r = 100r_⋆ (v_wind) and the filling factor of the open flux tube (f_ph). (b) f_ph vs. energy conversion efficiencies from the transmitted Alfvén wave energy flux in the corona to (1) the kinetic energy of the stellar wind (α_wind/A = L_kin,wind/L_A,co; filled circles), (2) radiative energy loss in the corona (α_rad/A = −L_rad,co/L_A,co; open squares), and (3) heat conduction flux in the corona (α_c/A = −L_c,co/L_A,co; open triangles). The vertical and horizontal dashed lines correspond to f_ph = 1/1600 and α_wind/A = 0.442, respectively.