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Radar Observations of Europa in 2011–2024: New Insights into Radar Scattering Properties

  • Authors: Tunhui Xie, Jean-Luc Margot, Sebastiano Padovan, Frank Ghigo, Will Armentrout, Joseph S. Jao, Jon D. Giorgini, T. Joseph W. Lazio

Tunhui Xie et al 2026 The Planetary Science Journal 7 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3. Goldstone and GBT Spectra

The complete figure set (33 images) is available in the online journal.

Echo power spectra for Goldstone (aka DSN; top) and GBT (bottom) at epoch 2011 October 3. The blue, orange, and green lines represent the OC, SC, and total (OC+SC) echo power, respectively. The power is normalized to the total echo power’s maximum. The red dashed line represents the scattering law S(f) with the fitted exponent m. The number at the center just above the top panel is the subradar west longitude in degrees, whereas the numbers on the left and right are the west longitudes of the target’s approaching (left) and receding (right) limbs, respectively. Note that frequency on the x-axis increases from right to left.

(The data used to create this figure are available in the online article.)

(The data used to create this figure are available.)

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