Multi-Tsol (simulated Tsols 2–5) evolution of (a) net downward shortwave flux (solid lines) and net downward infrared flux (dashed lines), (b), surface skin temperature (solid lines) and air temperature in the lowest atmospheric layer (dashed lines), (c) thermal conduction in the shallowest subsurface layer, (d) surface sensible heat flux, (e) net residual energy in the shallowest subsurface layer, and (f) PBL depth for dry simulations with varied surface radiative fluxes. The maximum PBL depth in Tsol 3 is listed in the main text.