Multi-Tsol (simulated Tsols 2–5) evolution of (a) net downward shortwave flux (solid blue line), net downward infrared flux (solid purple line), and the total downward radiative flux (Qrad, dashed gray line); (b) surface skin temperature (solid pink line), air temperature in the lowest atmospheric layer (solid green line), and their difference (dashed orange line); (c) thermal conduction in the shallowest subsurface layer; (d) surface sensible heat flux; (e) net residual energy in the shallowest subsurface layer; and (f) PBL depth for the baseline dry simulation.