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The Relevance of the VIPER Mission to NASA’s Artemis Human Exploration of the Moon

  • Authors: Jennifer L. Heldmann, Anthony Colaprete, Ariel N. Deutsch, Casey I. Honniball, Myriam Lemelin, Kimberly Ennico-Smith, Mark H. Shirley, Edward Balaban, Valentin T. Bickel, Terrence Fong, Matthew C. Deans, Eldar Z. Noe Dobrea, Darlene S. S. Lim, Zara Mirmalek, David Lees

Jennifer L. Heldmann et al 2026 The Planetary Science Journal 7 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Thermometer shows the temperatures at which various volatile species are stable over geologic time defined as ices that would be lost to sublimation at a rate of less than 1 kg m–2 per billion years. To the left, the temperature ranges of various targets are noted, including the lunar poles, Mercury’s poles, Mars, icy satellites, and Kuiper Belt objects. Graphic courtesy James T. Keane and NASEM Decadal Survey (2022).

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