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Dynamical Mass Demography of Single S-type Planets Shaped by Stellar Companions

  • Authors: Xiumin Huang, Jianghui Ji

Xiumin Huang and Jianghui Ji 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 286 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure A1.

Distribution of the NAFF chaotic threshold for the TOI-4633 planetary system with different cases of imut between planet b and planet c. The histograms are drawn by integrating 5 × 105 MCMC samples from N-body RV fitting for 1000 orbits of the inner planet b. NAFF threshold is the value above which the variations of the estimated mean motions are considered too large for the system to be stable on long timescales; when imut > 80°, the emerging narrow peaks are not Gaussian noise; instead, they could be discrete clusters of NAFF frequencies due to the extreme chaotic orbital parameter spaces. The fact that this is strongest for imut = 90° also suggests the dynamics are producing several preferred secular frequencies rather than one smooth distribution.

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