Mass (compactness) dependence of morphology and polarization angle structure for the same emitting geometry and viewing angle. Columns show M = 0, 1.2, 1.7, and 2.2 M_⊙ for r_⋆ = 12 km, surveying low to high compactness regimes. Top row: surface-normal projection maps ﹩\hat{{\boldsymbol{k}}}\cdot {\hat{n}}_{{ \mathcal S }}﹩, depicting how lensing/visibility patterns change with stellar compactness. Bottom row: corresponding VB-off ﹩\cos 2\chi ﹩ maps, showing progressive distortion of polarization position angle structure. The color scale in the lower row indicates ﹩\cos 2\chi ﹩, along with a random sample of overlaid polarization angle vectors.