Image Details
Caption: Figure 1.
Geometric angular coordinate parameters describing the loci of field line footpoints that define the fireball. The ellipse is centered at magnetic-frame coordinates (θ0, ϕ0), has angular semiaxes (Δθ0, Δϕ0), and is rotated by η on the stellar surface. Field lines anchored on this contour define the fireball flux-tube boundary discussed in Section 2.2. Symmetry about the magnetic equator is assumed, given the confined nature of fireballs.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.