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Direct Measurement of Polar Coronal Hole-like Solar Wind in Its Acceleration Phase

  • Authors: Samuel T. Badman, Yeimy J. Rivera, Michael Louis Stevens, Mari Paz Miralles, Steven R. Cranmer, Andrea Verdini, Lynn B. Wilson, Xiangyu Wu, Georgios Nicolaou, Jean-Baptiste Dakeyo, Kai Jaffarove, Tamar Ervin, Dominic S. Payne, Michael Terres, Kristopher G. Klein, Jasper S. Halekas, Sujan Prasad Gautam, William H Matthaeus, Riddhi Bandyopadhyay, Srijan Bharati Das, Tatiana Niembro, Christopher J. Owen, Rungployphan Kieokaew, Ali Rahmati, Orlando M. Romeo, Federico Fraschetti, Marco Velli, Lorenzo Matteini, Kristoff W. Paulson, Lidiya Ahmed, Stuart D. Bale, Phyllis Whittlesey, Marc Pulupa, Nour E. Raouafi, Timothy S. Horbury, Jean Morris, Helen O'Brien, Roberto Livi, Davin E. Larson, Adam J. Finley, Philippe Louarn

Samuel T. Badman et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1011 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 2.

In situ measurements of the bulk stream properties as a function of heliographic longitude. Left-hand column: Parker measurements around 10 R⊙ showing (from top to bottom) the radial component of the magnetic field, the plasma density, the bulk proton speed and Alfvén speed, and the proton and electron temperatures. All data are direct measurements of the stream except for Te at 1 au (bottom right), where various statistics for the fast wind from Wind (L. B. Wilson et al. 2026, box plot and light blue) and Ulysses (J. L. Phillips et al. 1995, dark blue) are presented. An inset is provided to better differentiate these data. As in Figures 1(C)–(E), the full-resolution data are shown in color with a median-filtered baseline in black, and a subrange of longitude capturing the peak of the stream is highlighted with higher opacity. The middle and right-hand columns show the corresponding properties measured at 60 R⊙ by Solar Orbiter and near 1 au by Wind. In the right-hand column, faint blue shading shows a region identified as SIR-dominated (see main text).

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