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Wave-growth-limited Particle Confinement in a Near-parallel Interplanetary Shock Observed by Parker Solar Probe

  • Authors: A. Kouloumvakos, I. C. Jebaraj, M. A. Malkov, G. D. Berland, M. Gedalin, N. Wijsen, C. M. S. Cohen, O. V. Agapitov, D. J. McComas, D. G. Mitchell, E. Husidic, S. Yadav, M. E. Hill, R. McNutt

A. Kouloumvakos et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1011 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure B1.

The signed pitch-angle cosine ﹩{\rm{sgn}}({B}_{R})\,{\mu }_{B}﹩ versus time, with ﹩{\mu }_{B}=\cos ({\rm{PA}})﹩, in seven EPI-Lo energy ranges (labeled at right) from 02:00 to 12:00 UT on 2023 March 13. The flux is averaged over the 80 EPI-Lo apertures and binned into 18 equal-width μB bins on [−1, 1] at a 10 minute cadence. The ﹩{\rm{sgn}}({B}_{R})﹩ factor fixes the convention so that positive (negative) values along the vertical axis always correspond to particles moving antisunward (sunward) along B, regardless of the polarity of BR. The color scale is the logarithmic differential flux in ﹩{({{\rm{cm}}}^{2}\,{\rm{sr}}\,{\rm{s}}\,{\rm{keV}})}^{-1}﹩.

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