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Wave-growth-limited Particle Confinement in a Near-parallel Interplanetary Shock Observed by Parker Solar Probe

  • Authors: A. Kouloumvakos, I. C. Jebaraj, M. A. Malkov, G. D. Berland, M. Gedalin, N. Wijsen, C. M. S. Cohen, O. V. Agapitov, D. J. McComas, D. G. Mitchell, E. Husidic, S. Yadav, M. E. Hill, R. McNutt

A. Kouloumvakos et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1011 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

The same as Figure 2, but for PADs and anisotropy coefficients A1,N and A2,N in the shock-normal frame at the 1 minute resolution near-shock encounter. The shock normal ﹩\hat{N}﹩ is taken as fixed and pointing from downstream into upstream (antisunward in this event), so μN = + 1 always corresponds to particles moving antisunward, and A1,N > 0 denotes antisunward streaming. This is motion away from the shock when PSP is upstream, and motion across the shock into the upstream when PSP is downstream.

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