Schematic illustration of the formation of a loop-like FR in the Martian ionosphere through internal reconnection between crustal magnetic fields. (a) Adjacent crustal magnetic loop systems are rooted in regions of opposite crustal magnetic polarity, with neighboring field lines brought into close proximity. (b) Stretching by the solar wind drives oppositely directed crustal-field lines together, forming a current layer where internal magnetic reconnection can occur. (c) Reconnection between the crustal fields produces an elevated, twisted loop-like FR that remains anchored at both ends in the ionosphere or crust. The resulting structure resembles a loop-like FR geometry, while the MAVEN and TW-1 samples different portions of the same loop-like magnetic structure.