(a) Reconstructed f_esc(z). Blue diamonds: constant f_⋆,0 (C. T. Donnan et al. 2024); purple squares: evolving f_⋆,0 (F. Prada et al. 2026). Shaded bands: 1σ MC (Monte Carlo) intervals. Orange band: ξ_ion systematic. Grey circles: direct Lyman continuum at z  <  4 (Y. I. Izotov et al. 2016, 2018; C. C. Steidel et al. 2018). Green band: Robertson et al. fiducial (B. E. Robertson et al. 2015). (b) The same in the (f_⋆,0, f_esc) plane: JWST-measured f_⋆,0(z) traces a path along the ridge.