Image Details
Caption: Figure 1.
Evolution of a stellar binary (black) with four (noninteracting) CBPs in a coplanar configuration. The masses of the inner stellar binary are m1 = 0.56M⊙ and m2 = 0.46M⊙. The initial semimajor axis and eccentricity of the inner binary are ab,0 = 0.09 au and eb,0 = 0.8. The outer orbits, ordered by increasing distance, have initial semimajor axes ap = 0.72 au, 1.24 au, 2.13 au, and 2.81 au. All four begin with eccentricity ep,0 = 0.001. The longitudes of pericenter for both the binary and the planetary orbits are initialized to ϖb,0 = ϖp,0 = 0. Each binary–planet system is evolved independently (i.e., without planet–planet interactions) by integrating the SA secular equations (Equations (1)–(3)), where the TD is included in the binary evolution (top and middle panels). The bottom panel shows the corresponding apsidal precession rates computed from Equations (5) and (8).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.