Image Details
Caption: Figure 2.
Graphical representation of our two hierarchical models. Arrows represent the direction of data generation either from the single population model or the piecewise model to ψi, the spin–orbit angle of star i, to the observed variables ﹩{\hat{i}}_{s}﹩ (stellar spin–axis inclination) and ﹩{\hat{i}}_{o}﹩ (orbital inclination).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.