Image Details
Caption: Figure 3.
Joint PDFs of Q and R GTGIs (a) and bin-averaged energy transfer rate in the RQ-plane (b) for P ≃ 0. GTGI values are normalized to powers of the enstrophy 〈ω2〉. The thick black line indicates the discriminant for ﹩{\bar{P}}_{0}=-1.2\times 1{0}^{-3}﹩, and the dotted line indicates the ﹩{\bar{P}}_{0}Q-R=0﹩ curve.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.