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Proton Irradiation of Primitive Atmospheres of Young Exoplanets and Early Earth: N2O Greenhouse Warming and Prebiotic Synthesis

  • Authors: Kensei Kobayashi, Vladimir S. Airapetian, Takumi Udo, Shunsuke Mouri, Yoko Kebukawa, Hitoshi Fukuda, Yoshiyuki Oguri, Naoto Hagura, M. J. Way, Guillaume Gronoff, Eric T. Wolf

Kensei Kobayashi et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 4.

Panel (A): energy spectrum of a StEP associated with a CME event at 3000 km s−1 (M3 event; J. Hu et al. 2022). Panel (B): dissociation and ionization rates due to collisions with energetic protons and a developed cascade of secondary electrons.

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